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UFM 3-230-13 5 February 2026 UNIFIED FACILITIES MANUAL (UFM) APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE UFM 3-230-13 5 February 2026 FOREWORD Unified Facilities Manuals (UFM) provide non-mandatory, informational guidance in support of Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) with a specific focus on facilities operations, and maintenance. Only UFC establish enforceable requirements. UFM are For Information Only (FIO) and exist to help users understand and apply UFC requirements. The purpose of UFM is to share operational procedures, maintenance practices, and practical examples that support effective implementation of UFC criteria during operations and maintenance activities. UFM may include recommended procedures, checklists, illustra
Due to the resulting reduced heat transfer from the fireside of the tube to the water, the metal tubes operate at a higher temperature than if the scale were not providing insulation. Consequently, steam is produced inefficiently due to greater fuel demands, and fuel costs are increased. The greater the thickness of scale, the greater the insulating effect, and the higher the temperature of the tubes (see Figure 4-6). At sufficiently high metal temperatures, the tube can lose its tensile strength and rupture (see Figures 4-7, 4- 8, and 4-9). Figure 4-5 Scaled Boiler Tube UFM 3-230-13 5 February 2026 43 Figure 4-6 Impact of Scale on Heat Transfer UFM 3-230-13 5 February 2026 44 Figure 4-7 Effect of Boiler Deposits on Boiler Tube Figure 4-8 Metal Fatigue on Boiler Tube UFM 3-230-13 5 Februar
es not condense from a gas to a liquid). An evaporative condenser cools a circulating fluid from a gas into a liquid, such as a refrigerant. The hot fluid that is to be cooled is brought to the unit. Figure 5-2 shows a typical evaporative cooler and UFM 3-230-13 5 February 2026 95 evaporative condenser diagram; Figure 5-3 shows a typical open recirculating cooling water system; and Figure 5-4 shows a typical cooling tower system. Figure 5-2 Evaporative Fluid Cooler and Evaporative Condenser Diagram UFM 3-230-13 5 February 2026 96 Figure 5-3 Open Recirculating Cooling Tower Water System Diagram Figure 5-4 Cooling Tower Water System UFM 3-230-13 5 February 2026 97 5-1.3 Types of Cooling Towers. Types of cooling towers include natural draft, induced draft, and forced draft. 5-1.3.1 Natural-Dr
s://everyspec.com/MIL-SPECS/MIL-SPECS-MIL-DTL/MIL-DTL-18001L_52572/ MIL-HDBK-1136/1, Cathodic Protection Field Testing https://www.wbdg.org/navy/criteria-manuals/mil-hdbk-1136-1 UFM 3-570-06 13 March 2026 119 UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC) https://www.wbdg.org/dod/ufc UFC 3-430-09, Exterior Mechanical Utility Distribution UFC 3-440-05N, Tropical Engineering UFC 3-460-01, Design: Petroleum Fuel Facilities UFC 3-501-01, Electrical Engineering UFC 3-575-01, Lightning and Static Electricity Protection Systems UFM 3-230-02, Operation and Maintenance: Water Supply Systems UFM 3-230-13, Industrial Water Treatment Operation and Maintenance UFM 3-560-01, Operation and Maintenance: Electrical Safety UFM 3-601-02, Operation and Maintenance: Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Fire Protection Sy
are used. Dry inspections are the preferred method for interior inspections based on UFM 3-230-02 recommendations and general industry consensus. All necessary interior and exterior surfaces of the tank should be inspected and may require rigging and rappelling, depending on the condition and design of each tank. Where tanks are taken out of service for an extended duration, operators shall adjust water system operations as necessary to provide continuous water service and notify all affected customers if temporary water conservation measures are required. 4.3.4.2. Inspection frequency. PACAFMAN32-1067 13 APRIL 2026 17 4.3.4.2.1. In accordance with UFM 3-230-02 guidance and industry standards, a comprehensive inspection must be completed a minimum of once every 5 years from the date of th
50 113 50 1,3 50 1,3 60 183 60 113 60 I,3 60 1,3 50 1,3 50 1,3 60 183 50 183 Low Voltage (VJ Medium Voltage (kV) NA 115/230 127/220 127/220 127/220 223/380 127/220 120/208 220/380 NA 230/400 11 . 120/240 13.8, 24.9 220/380 5.5, 15,20 230/415 11,33 230 NA NA 120/240 100/200 240/4 15 11,33 11,33 220/380 220/380 230/400 11, 12, 34.5* 115/230 115/230 126/208 120/240 11 o/220 240/4 15 11,22 220/380 23 5, 10, 20, 30* 220 11 o/220 220 2.4, 4.8, 6.24, 7.62, 13.2, 13.8, 34.5* 115/230 11 o/220 11 o/220 220/380 6, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60 220/380 6, 10, 15, 30, 40, 60 120/240 4.16, 13.2 240/4 15 11 B-11 TM s-688 Table B I. Frequency and Single and Three-Phose Voltage Levels by Country-Continued Country/City Frequency (Hz) Number of Phases Low Voltage (V) Medium Voltage (kV) Romania 50 1,3 220/380 6, 10, 2
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